21st BCS Civil Engineering Written Questions and Solve–
Transportation Engineering:
Question-1: a) Write down the function of ballast in a railway track?
Answer:
What is Ballast?
Ballast is the foundation of railway track and it distributes the load to the underlying layers in a railway track.Generally rocks or gravels are used as a ballast material.The gravels covers the sub-grade of railway track and distributes the load the underlying layers.
Functions of Ballast:
- To provide a hard layer for the sleepers to rest on.
- To distribute the loads.
- For easy maintenance of railway track without disturbing the underlying layers.
- To prevent the growth of plants and vegetation etc.
- To hold the sleepers in position during the train passing.
- To maintain the lateral stability of the railway track.
- To ensure proper drainage of water.
Question:1(b)–Define Yard.Discuss the important points needs to be considered in designing the Marshalling Yard.
Answer:
Yard:
A yard is a space/area that contains a complex series of railroads, tracks and also contains sheds for maintaining,repairing storing,joining of rail coaches and locomotives.
Marshall Yard are of three types:
- Hump Yard
- Gravity Yard
- Flat Yard
Important factors to be considered during designing of Marshalling yard:
(If anyone know please contribute the answer of this section in comment box)
Question:1(c)–Design the rate of super-elevation for a curve of radius 400 m and speed of 80 km/hr. Also check the co-efficient of lateral friction.(G.C. Singh,pp-167)
Answer:-
For mixed traffic conditions super-elevation, e=(0.75V)^2/127R = (0.75X80)^2/(127X400) = 0.0708 = 1 in 14.12
check for co-efficient of lateral frictions, = (V^2/127R)- 0.067 = (80^2/127X400)-0.067 = 0.059
As the value is less than 0.15 the safe value,the design in safe with a super-elevation of 1 in 15 (answer).
